Rainforests are the areas on Earth that are the most rich in species. Although tropical rainforests only cover about 6% of the Earth’s surface, they contain approximately one half to three quarters of the world’s plant and animal species.

World Biodiversity Day is celebrated annually on May 22 and it is a United Nations international day aimed at promoting and protecting biodiversity. This Day is not to be confused with World Wildlife Day (March 3), and International Animal Right Day (December 10).

A single mature tree can absorb carbon dioxide (CO₂) at a rate of 48lbs per year and release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere to support 2 people. The General Assembly of the United Nations on 19th December 2019, during its 74^th session, adopted the resolution that established the celebration of the International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies on 7^th September each year. The goal is increase public awareness concerning the air pollution threat.

To help combat deforestation these are all things we can do. You can make a difference in the fight to save forests by making informed daily choices: for example by consuming less, and choosing recycled or responsibly-produced wood products, we can all be part of the movement to protect forests with simple actions.

When we become ill from an infection, we tend to believe that we caught it from another person, and that the pathogen (the biological agent that causes an infectious disease such as a bacterium or virus) that made us ill never resided in any species other than our own. Very often, this belief turns out to be false: in fact, for about 60% of human infectious diseases, the pathogen has managed to live and multiply in one or even several organisms and, precisely because of its contact with humans, to spread in our society.

Biosphere is the region of Earth that encompasses all living organisms: plants, animals, micro-organisms and naturally humans. Traditionally, the extent of the biosphere is considered to be between the deepest part of the oceans and the highest mountains top, with an average layer thickness of about 20 kilometres.

Scientists have identified and divided the biosphere into regions called 'biomes'. These are relatively large regions and, the main types of biomes are: grassland and tundra, forest, desert and aquatic. Biomes have no distinct boundaries. Instead, there is a transition zone called an “ecotone”, which contains a variety of plants and animals.

An ecosystem can be defined as a community of living organisms interacting with each other and the environment in which they live. An ecosystem can also be defined as a particular area located anywhere in the Biosphere where particular species thrive and reproduce.

The main factor characterising the loss of biodiversity today is the destruction of habitats. Human activities such as deforestation, intensive farming, draining and degradation of wetland and oceans with the dumping of waste into them, are causing seriously harming these natural habitats, and if we associate climate change, the damages to our environment will be impossible to be reversed, no matter how much money will be used.

Unless we significantly reduce greenhouse gasses of which CO₂ emissions are the most relevant, climate change along with global warming is anticipated to threaten with extinction approximately 25% or more of all species on land by the year 2050. Not to mention coral reefs, the loss of which is affecting hundreds of marine species. And unfortunately, especially in this century, it is global warming that is considered the main cause of the extinction of living species. In fact, according to the IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) an average temperature increase of 1.5°C could risk subjecting some 20-30% of species to extinction.

Natural selection is a process that depends on an organism’s ability to survive in a changing environment. It is interesting to know that while "evolution" consists in a gradual change in the genetic make-up over time, “natural selection” consists in the force that favours a set of advantageous genes

When one species is lost it is lost forever and the same is for ecosystems, when one ecosystem is destroyed it is impossible to restore it, this independently from the cause: it may be global warming caused by greenhouse gases and climate change but, it is all connected and related to human activities. So we should pay more attention and care more about our environment and protect it.